Natural Radiation
There are non-radiative human activities, meaning they do not involve the intentional application of radiation or radioactive materials, yet they result in the accumulation of some naturally occurring radioactive materials. The NRRC monitors these activities by establishing regulations and systems to ensure the safety of humans and the environment and ensures their implementation:
Terrestrial Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
The Earth's crust contains naturally occurring radioactive materials that can become concentrated due to various industrial activities. For instance, in oil and gas extraction and transportation processes, naturally occurring radioactive materials can accumulate on the internal walls of pipelines, oil separation facilities, and storage tanks. They can also deposit on the internal surfaces of gas processing equipment and valves. Consequently, workers and the public in nearby areas can be exposed to these concentrated naturally occurring radioactive materials. The levels of accumulated NORM vary from site to site, depending on geological formations and other factors.
Cosmic Radiation
Cosmic radiation consists of high-energy particles emitted from outer space that strike the Earth. Exposure to cosmic radiation increases with altitude and varies with latitude, being higher at the poles and lower at the equator due to the Earth's magnetic field. Therefore, cosmic radiation must be considered in aviation navigation.
Radioactive Radon Gas its Decay Products
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in certain geological formations that contain concentrations of natural radium isotopes, which are direct sources of radioactive radon gas. Radon can be present with natural gas, dissolved in petroleum, or found in groundwater. It can seep from the soil into the air and accumulate in enclosed environments, whereas its concentration is lower in open air and higher in mines and enclosed industrial spaces. Monitoring radon levels is essential to ensure they remain safe for public health.